REASONING STUDY NOTES FOR BANK EXAM
SBI, IBPS AND RRB
SBI, IBPS AND RRB
MACHINE INPUT OUTPUT
In bank exam (SBI, IBPS, and RRB) & SSC Reasoning is one of the
most important sections. A good score in reasoning test can lead you at higher
marks in banking exam. In reasoning MACHINE INPUT OUTPUT is important
topic. Usually 5-6 questions can be given from this topic in bank exam or other
competitive exams as well. It can be
easy topic if you have right tricks to find out logic by which the sequence is
going on in input output. Here we are providing important tips and machine input output questions which
are asked in SBI, IBPS bank exams.
This topic
is important for the main exam of SBI and IBPS.
In Machine Input Output, a
message comprising of randomness letters/words or numbers or a combination of
both is given as the input followed by steps of rearrangement to give
sequential outputs. The candidate is required to trace out the pattern in the
given rearrangement and then determine the desired output step, according as is
asked in the questions.
In input output, the basic
problem is time management. You can obviously get the logic if you are free
from time limit, but the challenge is to get the logic as quickly as possible
and get done with the questions to score more. So, here you can learn how to
solve machine input by saving your time.
Patterns to look for in the given sequence;
Arrange the given words in forward/reverse
alphabetical order.
Arrange the given numbers in
ascending/descending order.
Write a particular set of words
in the reverse order, stepwise.
Change places of words/numbers
according to a set pattern.
The above points are the four
possible criteria which you should look for to determine the pattern in given
rearrangement.
Tips
to find the LOGIC in MACHINE INPUT OUTPUT:
a)
Compare quickly the input and the final step and try to deduce the
logic through which the machine has produced the output.
b)
Observe the shifting of items in sequence is the machine shifting
only 1 item at a time or is it shifting two or more?
c)
Observe the direction in which shifting has taken place – left to
right or right to left.
d)
Quickly and carefully analyse and try to discriminate according to
the first letter of given words is they are in alphabetical sequence or is
there any particular arrangement related to vowels and consonants and analyse
the numbers too.
e)
Do not write the complete word each time; to save time, just write
the first letter or however many letters of each word you need to uniquely
identify it.
The example given below; will
helpful to understand input output in detail:
Example: An electronic device rearranges
numbers step-by-step in a particular order according to a set of rules. The device
stops when the final result is obtained. In this case the device stops at Step
V.
Input: 85 16 36 04 19 97 63 09
Step l: 97 85 16 36 04 19 63 09
Step II : 97 85 63 16 36 04 19 09
Step III: 97 85 63 36 16 04 19 09
Step IV: 97 85 63 36 19 16 04 09
Step V: 97 85 63 36 19 16 09 04
V step is the last step.
The last step is the final output
the machine.
So what has happened in this
example of V steps?
Solution: carefully observing the sample
sequence, we observe that in the given arrangement, the numbers have been
arranged in descending order (from left to right) in a sequence, altering the
position of only one number in each step, followed by the other numbers as it
is. The process continues till the whole set of numbers is arranged in descending
order.
In the machine input output
questions the first thing is you have to find by which logic the steps are
going on, when you will find it. Then the input output question will solve in
few minutes.
Example
2: A word
arrangement machine, when given an input line of words, rearranges it in every
step following a certain rule. Following is an illustration of an input line of
words and various steps of rearrangement.
Input: gone are taken enough brought
station
Step I: take gone are enough brought station
Step II: take are gone enough
brought station
Step III: take are station
gone enough
brought
Step IV: take are
station
brought gone enough
The step IV is the last step for
this input. Now find out find out the logic by which all steps are going on.
Solution: observing the given arrangement.
We find the following pattern:
If we arrange the words in the
given input in the alphabetical order and then label them as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
then the last step contains the words in the order 6, 1, 5, 2, 4, 3. However,
the position of only one word is altered at each step.
Example
3: study the
following information carefully and answer the given questions:
A word and number arrangement
machine when given an input line of words and numbers rearranges them following
a particular rule in each step. The following is an illustration of input and
rearrangement.
Input: world 32 73
verb 26
new desk 19
Step I: 73 world 32 verb
26 new
desk 19
Step II: 73 desk world
32
verb 26 new
19
Step III: 73 desk 32
world verb 26 new 19
Step IV: 73 desk 32
new world verb 26 19
Step V: 73 desk 32
new 26 world verb 19
Step VI: 73 desk 32
new 26 verb world 19
Step VII: 73 desk 32
new
26 verb 19 world
And step VII is the last step of
the above input. As per the rules followed in the above steps, find out in each
of the following questions the appropriate step for the given input.
Solution: in one step the largest number
comes to the leftmost position while the remaining line shifts rightward. In the
next step the word that comes first in the alphabetical order shifts to the
second position and the remaining line shifts rightward. This goes on
alternately till the numbers get arranged in descending order and the words in
alphabetical order at alternate positions.
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